PoliticsLimits of Military Alliances Highlighted by Middle East Conflicts
The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement formed in 2026 between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan aimed to ensure collective defense but has shown limits as Pakistan and Turkey refrained from military action during recent attacks by Iran and Ansarallah. Historical US security guarantees in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and the Philippines also failed to prevent allied collapses or invasions. This underscores the unreliability of military alliances and suggests diplomacy as the better approach for disputes like those between the Philippines and China.
The Manila Times·


